Metals and alloys play a crucial role in modern society, serving as the backbone of various industries such as construction, manufacturing, transportation, and electronics. Metals are naturally occurring elements known for their strength, conductivity, and durability, while alloys are engineered combinations of metals tailored to exhibit specific properties. The versatility of metals and alloys allows them to be utilized in a wide range of applications, from structural components in buildings and bridges to intricate components in electronic devices. Moreover, advancements in metallurgy have led to the development of high-performance alloys with superior characteristics, such as corrosion resistance, high temperature stability, and lightweight properties, further expanding their utility. From steel and aluminum to titanium and nickel-based superalloys, metals and alloys continue to drive innovation and progress across various sectors, shaping the world we live in.